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Python Fundamentals

An 8-week, hands-on introduction to Python — from your first print() to APIs, files, and object-oriented programming.

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Course content

Module 1

Getting Started

  • What is a programming language?Preview
  • Why Python of all languages?
  • How Python runs your code behind the scenes
  • The story of Python: who built it, when, and why
  • Set Python up on your own machine
  • Comments: the notes Python never reads
  • The print function, and shaping what comes out
  • Variables: the boxes Python keeps for you
  • The input function, and a program that asks questions
  • Week 1 Recording

Module 2

Data, Text & Decisions

  • Data types: how Python knows what it is dealing with
  • Each type's own tools, and turning one type into another
  • Text and its toolbox: len and count
  • Swapping and deleting with replace
  • Building text: from the plus operator to the f-string
  • Breaking text with split and repeating with star
  • Indexing and slicing: pulling one piece out of a text
  • Cleaning text: invisible spaces and letter case
  • Searching in text: is it there, and where
  • Validating text, and wrapping up the chapter
  • Submitting your work to CS50
  • Week 2 Recording

Module 3

Numbers, Logic & Functions

  • Numbers, and where the functions live
  • The arithmetic operators
  • Rounding numbers
  • Random numbers and validating them
  • Control flow, and true and false
  • The comparison operators
  • Combining conditions with and and or
  • Inverting with not, and the order logic runs in
  • Membership and identity: in and is
  • if and else
  • The elif chain
  • Nested conditions, and the three other ways
  • The inline if
  • Building a real validator
  • Reporting every issue
  • Your first function, with def
  • Week 3 Recording

Module 4

Loops & Repetition

  • The for loop
  • range and counting
  • Building a result across a loop
  • break and continue
  • pass, and choosing between the three
  • Nested loops
  • The while loop
  • The while True loop
  • The chapter's final challenge
  • Week 4 Recording

Module 5

Data Structures & Error Handling

  • What is a data structure?
  • Building a list
  • Indexing and slicing a list
  • Unpacking a list
  • Inspecting a list
  • Adding and removing
  • Changing and sorting
  • Nested lists
  • Copying a list
  • Combining lists
  • Week 5 challenge
  • When the input is broken
  • Formatting output
  • CS50 problems — round two
  • Four CS50 problems, solved
  • Week 5 Recording

Module 6

Dictionaries, Modules, APIs & JSON

  • What is a dictionary?
  • Reading from a dictionary
  • Building and changing
  • Dictionaries in real work
  • Modules and packages
  • Command-line arguments
  • APIs and JSON
  • CS50's problem set 4, solved
  • Week 6 Recording

Module 7

Testing, Files, CSV & Regex

  • Testing your own code
  • pytest, and code you can test
  • CS50's problem set 5, solved
  • Files: where a program remembers
  • Reading a file, line by line
  • Several columns per line: CSV by hand
  • The csv library
  • Files that aren't text
  • CS50's problem set 6, solved
  • Patterns, instead of letters
  • Anchors, sets and shortcuts
  • Capturing and replacing
  • When not to write a regex
  • CS50's problem set 7, solved
  • Week 7 Recording

Module 8

OOP, Final Project & AI

  • Inventing your own type
  • Methods, and magic methods
  • A class that protects itself
  • Inheritance, and a method that belongs to the class
  • CS50's problem set 8, solved
  • Submitting your CS50 final project
  • From the browser to your code: the key and the setup
  • Your first message: nothing but dictionaries
  • The same message, with a library
  • A chatbot with a memory
  • The next step: from Python's alphabet to a job
  • Week 8 Recording